Letter from the Editors: Who’s responsible?

There are actions individuals can take to be more eco-friendly.

But larger corporate and state entities have contributed more to climate change.

According to a 2017 report from the Carbon Disclosure Project, 100 producers have been responsible for 71% of global greenhouse gas emissions from 1988 to 2015.

Here are those entities:

1. China (Coal)
2. Saudi Aramco, or the Saudi Arabian Oil Co.
3. Gazprom
4. National Iranian Oil Co.
5. ExxonMobil Corp.
6. Coal India Ltd.
7. Pemex, or Petróleos Mexicanos
8. Russia (Coal)
9. Shell
10. China National Petroleum Corp., or CNPC
11. BP
12. Chevron Corp.
13. Petróleos de Venezuela SA, or PDVSA
14. Abu Dhabi National Oil Co.
15. Poland (Coal)
16. Peabody Energy Inc.
17. Sonatrach
18. Kuwait Petroleum Corp.
19. Total SE
20. BHP
21. ConocoPhillips
22. Petróleo Brasileiro SA, or Petrobras
23. LUKOIL
24. Rio Tinto
25. Nigerian National Petroleum Corp.
26. Petroliam Nasional Berhad, or Petronas
27. Rosneft Oil Co.
28. Arch Resources Inc., or Arch Coal
29. Iraq National Oil Co.
30. Eni
31. Anglo American
32. Surgutneftegas
33. Alpha Natural Resources Inc.
34. Qatar Petroleum Corp.
35. PT Pertamina
36. Kazakhstan (Coal)
37. Equinor ASA, or Statoil ASA
38. Libyan National Oil Corporation
39. Consol Energy Inc.
40. Ukraine (Coal)
41. RWE AG
42. Oil & Natural Gas Corp. Ltd.
43. Glencore
44. Türkmengaz
45. Sasol Ltd.
46. Repsol SA
47. Anadarko Petroleum Corp.
48. Egyptian General Petroleum Corp.
49. Petroleum Development Oman
50. Czech Republic (Coal)
51. China Petroleum & Chemical Corp., or Sinopec
52. China National Offshore Oil Corp. Ltd., or CNOOC
53. Ecopetrol SA
54. Singareni Collieries Co. Ltd.
55. Occidental Petroleum Corp.
56. Sonangol EP
57. Tatneft
58. North Korea (Coal)
59. PT Bumi Resources Tbk
60. Suncor Energy Inc.
61. Petoro AS
62. Devon Energy Corp.
63. Natural Resource Partners L.P.
64. Marathon Oil Corp.
65. Vistra Corp.
66. Ovintiv Inc.
67. Canadian Natural Resources Ltd.
68. Hess Corp.
69. Exxaro Resources Ltd.
70. YPF SA
71. Apache Corp.
72. Murray Energy
73. Alliance Resource Partners L.P.
74. Syrian Petroleum Co.
75. Novatek
76. NACCO Industries Inc.
77. KazMunayGas
78. PT Adaro Energy Tbk
79. Petroecuador
80. INPEX Corp.
81. Kiewit Mining Group Inc.
82. Maersk
83. Banpu Public Co. Ltd.
84. EOG Resources Inc.
85. Husky Energy Inc.
86. PT Kideco Jaya Agung
87. Bahrain Petroleum Co., or BAPCO
88. Westmoreland Mining LLC
89. Cloud Peak Energy Inc.
90. Chesapeake Energy Corp.
91. Drummond Co. Inc.
92. Teck Resources Ltd.
93. Türkmennebit
94. OMV AG
95. Noble Energy Inc.
96. Murphy Oil Corp.
97. PT Berau Coal Energy Tbk
98. PT Bukit Asam Tbk
99. PT Indika Energy Tbk
100. Southwestern Energy Co.